蕭郎
2007-05-11 10:10:23 UTC
George H. Kerr(1911～1992)，於1937至1940年間在臺任教。1947年二二八大屠殺時，他正擔任美國駐臺副領事。他目睹國民政府接收臺灣後的腐敗，及二二八事件爆發當時的無情鎮壓，努力營救陷於危境之臺籍菁英。他關懷台灣人民，致力鼓吹託管論，主張民族自決。其對臺灣的國際地位等問題，提出過許多精闢的意見，影響深遠，特別是對臺灣獨立運動等政治訴求，無異為啟蒙的先行者。
http://www.228.culture.gov.tw/web228/about03.asp
《被出賣的福爾摩沙》
第十四章 三月大屠殺
http://www.romanization.com/books/formosabetrayed/chap14.html
出賣(摘要)
以下譯文根據
台灣英社 UKFS二二八事件基隆港屠殺《 學者Kerr 的研究報告》 - 樂多日誌
http://blog.roodo.com/yingshe/archives/3217245.html
A. 2000名憲兵、8000名正規軍加上3000名原本在基隆港 Hai Ping號軍艦上的士兵下船登陸。
A fairly reliable Government source later told us that 2000
gendarmes were first put ashore to control the Keelung dock area,
after which 8000 regular troops came off. Concurrently at
Kaohsiung some 3000 troops landed from the ship Hai Ping. With
these troops came suitable equipment, most of it of American
origin. This was China, now, but a hasty paint job did not hide the
clearly marked original lettering on the vehicles.
B. 陳儀政府的態度轉趨強硬，發表如下聲明 (戒嚴令也已公佈)：「三月十日以前所有非法組織必須廢除，禁止所有公眾聚會或遊行。」
On March 10 General Chen issued the following statement to the
press and public:
In the afternoon of March 2, I broadcast that members of the
national, provincial, and municipal PPC's, Taiwan representatives
to the National Assembly, and representatives from the people may
jointly form a committee to receive the people's opinion
concerning relief work for the February 28 Incident.
Unexpectedly, since its formation, the Committee has given no
thought to relief work such as medical care for the wounded and
compensation to the killed and so forth. On the contrary, it acted
beyond its province, and on March 7 went so far as to announce a
settlement outline containing rebellious elements. Therefore this
Committee (including hsien and municipal branch committees)
should be abolished. From hereafter, opinions on political reforms
concerning the province may be brought up by the Provincial PPC
and those concerning the Hsien and municipalities by their
respective districts or municipal PPC's. People who have opinions
may bring them up to the PPC or to the Government General by
writing.
資料來源：1947年3月11日 臺北 新生報
http://picasaweb.google.com.tw/chen328/NprakE/photo#5035804613852575730
C. 開始大規模搜索參與二二八事件的民眾，持有武器的民眾遭槍決，有參與但是抓不到人，則家屬不是被逮捕就是當替死鬼處死。
A systematic search was made, based on the Service Corps
enlistment rolls. If a student could not be found at once, either a
member of his family was seized or a fellow student was
taken to serve as hostage or as a substitute in death. Orders were
issued requiring that all weapons be turned in, with a deadline for
compliance. But simultaneously orders of equal weight were issued
which forbade anyone to carry a weapon in the streets. How, then,
was a young man in good faith to comply with these contradictory
orders? If the house-search revealed a weapon, the entire household
might suffer disastrously, and certainly the responsible youth would
be shot. But if he were discovered in the streets on his way to turn
in the weapons which had been issued to him by the Service Corps,
he was equally certain to be liquidated.
D. 持續三天在台北街道上用機槍和刺刀殘殺民眾後，軍隊轉往郊區和鄉下，軍卡對著鄉村的街道上隨意掃射，企圖擊垮反抗者的抵抗意志，準備挨家挨戶的搜索，三月十七日後，國民黨政府的行為激起更多的反抗人士加入。
After three days of random shooting and bayonetting in the Taipei
streets the Government forces began to push out into suburban and
rural areas. Machine-gun squads, mounted on trucks, were driven
along the highroads for fifteen or twenty miles, shooting at random
in village streets in an effort to break any spirit of resistance that
might still be present, and to prepare the way for house-to-house
search. The manhunt spread through all the hills back of Taipei.
By March 17 the pattern of terror and revenge had emerged very
clearly. First to be destroyed were all established critics of the
Government. Then in their turn came Settlement Committee
members and their principal aides, all youths who had taken part in
the interim policing of Taipei, middle school students,
middle school teachers, lawyers, economic leaders and members of
influential families, and at last, anyone who in the preceding
eighteen months had given offense to a mainland Chinese, causing
him to "lose face." On March 16 it was reported that anyone who
spoke English reasonably well, or who had had close foreign
connections, was being seized for "examination."
E. 目擊者指出: 我們看到學生被綁在一起，被帶到行刑的場地，基隆或台北的河邊、水道旁。一名外國人見證超過三十個穿著制服的學生屍體被棄置，當中有的鼻子或耳朵撕裂或著被割掉，其中兩個斷頭。
We saw students tied together, being driven to the execution
grounds, usually along the river banks and ditches about
Taipei, or at the waterfront in Keelung. One foreigner counted
more than thirty young bodies - in student uniforms - lying along
the roadside east of Taipei; they had had their noses and ears slit or
hacked off, and many had been castrated. Two students were
beheaded near my front gate. Bodies lay unclaimed on the roadside
embankment near the Mission compound.
F. 聯合國重建委員會的官員 ( Louise Tomsett, United Nations Relief and
Rehabilitation Administration) 回憶說:
「我看見重裝備的軍卡在市中心巡行，也聽說了許多殘殺的事件，當我回到基隆時看到建築物被損毀、軍人拖著兩個被槍殺的民眾屍體，旁邊的民眾告訴我，上個星期有非常非常多的屍體從港口被拉上來。」
The UNRRA Accounts Officer (a stouthearted New Zealand girl,
Miss Louise Tomsett) visited Taipei, Keelung and Tamsui, and
reported on conditions at Peitou, site of the UNRRA residence:
I did not get into Taipei until Tuesday . . . to the Office, and
then called at the MacKay Hospital . . . Everywhere I was told
tales of looting, shooting, murder and rape, and [I saw] trucks
loaded with heavily armed soldiery and bearing mounted machine
guns patrolling the city. Then it was decided that it may become
necessary to leave the island and I was asked to . . . see the British
Consul, [Geoffrey Tingle, at Tamsui] and find out if we could
leave heavy baggage in store there. Jim Woodruff drove me down .
. .
That same evening Hokuto [Peitou] seemed to have been raided,
and heavy firing went on for thirty minutes, and afterwards
Chinese soldiers searched the roads and bush systematically up
past [the UNRRA hostel]. Large numbers of Taiwanese were on
the move up to the hills and on a few walks I took
I found many people living out in eaves. One man explained that
soldiers had shot his father so he had brought his family up to
relative safety away from the town. Apparently the soldiers did
hunt some refugees out, as often - especially at night - short bursts
of firing could be heard.
Towards the end of the week I made one trip to Keelung--buildings
had been damaged and Taiwanese I spoke to told stories of
wholesale shooting and looting. I did see Chinese police drag in
the bodies of two men who had been shot, and Taiwanese standing
about told me that very many bodies had been taken from the
Harbor over the past week.
---
Posted via news://freenews.netfront.net
Complaints to ***@netfront.net
http://www.228.culture.gov.tw/web228/about03.asp
《被出賣的福爾摩沙》
第十四章 三月大屠殺
http://www.romanization.com/books/formosabetrayed/chap14.html
出賣(摘要)
以下譯文根據
台灣英社 UKFS二二八事件基隆港屠殺《 學者Kerr 的研究報告》 - 樂多日誌
http://blog.roodo.com/yingshe/archives/3217245.html
A. 2000名憲兵、8000名正規軍加上3000名原本在基隆港 Hai Ping號軍艦上的士兵下船登陸。
A fairly reliable Government source later told us that 2000
gendarmes were first put ashore to control the Keelung dock area,
after which 8000 regular troops came off. Concurrently at
Kaohsiung some 3000 troops landed from the ship Hai Ping. With
these troops came suitable equipment, most of it of American
origin. This was China, now, but a hasty paint job did not hide the
clearly marked original lettering on the vehicles.
B. 陳儀政府的態度轉趨強硬，發表如下聲明 (戒嚴令也已公佈)：「三月十日以前所有非法組織必須廢除，禁止所有公眾聚會或遊行。」
On March 10 General Chen issued the following statement to the
press and public:
In the afternoon of March 2, I broadcast that members of the
national, provincial, and municipal PPC's, Taiwan representatives
to the National Assembly, and representatives from the people may
jointly form a committee to receive the people's opinion
concerning relief work for the February 28 Incident.
Unexpectedly, since its formation, the Committee has given no
thought to relief work such as medical care for the wounded and
compensation to the killed and so forth. On the contrary, it acted
beyond its province, and on March 7 went so far as to announce a
settlement outline containing rebellious elements. Therefore this
Committee (including hsien and municipal branch committees)
should be abolished. From hereafter, opinions on political reforms
concerning the province may be brought up by the Provincial PPC
and those concerning the Hsien and municipalities by their
respective districts or municipal PPC's. People who have opinions
may bring them up to the PPC or to the Government General by
writing.
資料來源：1947年3月11日 臺北 新生報
http://picasaweb.google.com.tw/chen328/NprakE/photo#5035804613852575730
C. 開始大規模搜索參與二二八事件的民眾，持有武器的民眾遭槍決，有參與但是抓不到人，則家屬不是被逮捕就是當替死鬼處死。
A systematic search was made, based on the Service Corps
enlistment rolls. If a student could not be found at once, either a
member of his family was seized or a fellow student was
taken to serve as hostage or as a substitute in death. Orders were
issued requiring that all weapons be turned in, with a deadline for
compliance. But simultaneously orders of equal weight were issued
which forbade anyone to carry a weapon in the streets. How, then,
was a young man in good faith to comply with these contradictory
orders? If the house-search revealed a weapon, the entire household
might suffer disastrously, and certainly the responsible youth would
be shot. But if he were discovered in the streets on his way to turn
in the weapons which had been issued to him by the Service Corps,
he was equally certain to be liquidated.
D. 持續三天在台北街道上用機槍和刺刀殘殺民眾後，軍隊轉往郊區和鄉下，軍卡對著鄉村的街道上隨意掃射，企圖擊垮反抗者的抵抗意志，準備挨家挨戶的搜索，三月十七日後，國民黨政府的行為激起更多的反抗人士加入。
After three days of random shooting and bayonetting in the Taipei
streets the Government forces began to push out into suburban and
rural areas. Machine-gun squads, mounted on trucks, were driven
along the highroads for fifteen or twenty miles, shooting at random
in village streets in an effort to break any spirit of resistance that
might still be present, and to prepare the way for house-to-house
search. The manhunt spread through all the hills back of Taipei.
By March 17 the pattern of terror and revenge had emerged very
clearly. First to be destroyed were all established critics of the
Government. Then in their turn came Settlement Committee
members and their principal aides, all youths who had taken part in
the interim policing of Taipei, middle school students,
middle school teachers, lawyers, economic leaders and members of
influential families, and at last, anyone who in the preceding
eighteen months had given offense to a mainland Chinese, causing
him to "lose face." On March 16 it was reported that anyone who
spoke English reasonably well, or who had had close foreign
connections, was being seized for "examination."
E. 目擊者指出: 我們看到學生被綁在一起，被帶到行刑的場地，基隆或台北的河邊、水道旁。一名外國人見證超過三十個穿著制服的學生屍體被棄置，當中有的鼻子或耳朵撕裂或著被割掉，其中兩個斷頭。
We saw students tied together, being driven to the execution
grounds, usually along the river banks and ditches about
Taipei, or at the waterfront in Keelung. One foreigner counted
more than thirty young bodies - in student uniforms - lying along
the roadside east of Taipei; they had had their noses and ears slit or
hacked off, and many had been castrated. Two students were
beheaded near my front gate. Bodies lay unclaimed on the roadside
embankment near the Mission compound.
F. 聯合國重建委員會的官員 ( Louise Tomsett, United Nations Relief and
Rehabilitation Administration) 回憶說:
「我看見重裝備的軍卡在市中心巡行，也聽說了許多殘殺的事件，當我回到基隆時看到建築物被損毀、軍人拖著兩個被槍殺的民眾屍體，旁邊的民眾告訴我，上個星期有非常非常多的屍體從港口被拉上來。」
The UNRRA Accounts Officer (a stouthearted New Zealand girl,
Miss Louise Tomsett) visited Taipei, Keelung and Tamsui, and
reported on conditions at Peitou, site of the UNRRA residence:
I did not get into Taipei until Tuesday . . . to the Office, and
then called at the MacKay Hospital . . . Everywhere I was told
tales of looting, shooting, murder and rape, and [I saw] trucks
loaded with heavily armed soldiery and bearing mounted machine
guns patrolling the city. Then it was decided that it may become
necessary to leave the island and I was asked to . . . see the British
Consul, [Geoffrey Tingle, at Tamsui] and find out if we could
leave heavy baggage in store there. Jim Woodruff drove me down .
. .
That same evening Hokuto [Peitou] seemed to have been raided,
and heavy firing went on for thirty minutes, and afterwards
Chinese soldiers searched the roads and bush systematically up
past [the UNRRA hostel]. Large numbers of Taiwanese were on
the move up to the hills and on a few walks I took
I found many people living out in eaves. One man explained that
soldiers had shot his father so he had brought his family up to
relative safety away from the town. Apparently the soldiers did
hunt some refugees out, as often - especially at night - short bursts
of firing could be heard.
Towards the end of the week I made one trip to Keelung--buildings
had been damaged and Taiwanese I spoke to told stories of
wholesale shooting and looting. I did see Chinese police drag in
the bodies of two men who had been shot, and Taiwanese standing
about told me that very many bodies had been taken from the
Harbor over the past week.
---
Posted via news://freenews.netfront.net
Complaints to ***@netfront.net